Others of the French school quickly adopted the definition 2, which was carried forward by the major psychiatric textbook writers of the twentieth century, including Jaspers 3 and Ey et al. A more detailed understanding of the discrete types of control, their development, and their neural underpinnings is essential for translating this knowledge into new therapeutic approaches.įaced with the seemingly unimodal nature of the pre-existing term vision, Esquirol 1 first introduced the term hallucination to the nascent field of psychiatry as follows: “A person is said to labor under a hallucination or to be a visionary who has a thorough conviction of the perception of a sensation, when no external object, suited to excite this sensation, has impressed the senses”. Established relationships between control, health status, and functioning suggest that the development of control over AVH could increase functioning and reduce distress. Finally, we reconcile the possibility of control with the field’s current understanding of the proposed cognitive, computational, and neural underpinnings of hallucinations and perception more broadly.
We then link control to various cognitive constructs that appear to be important for voice hearing. We first examine the relationship between control over AVH and health status as well as the psychosocial factors that may influence control and functioning. This review provides an overview of the research examining control over AVH in both treatment-seeking and non-treatment-seeking populations. Evidence suggests that this ability may be a key factor in determining health status, but little systematic examination of control in AVH has been carried out. However, recent work with voice hearers makes clear that both treatment-seeking and non-treatment-seeking voice hearers may exert varying degrees of control over their voices. Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) have traditionally been thought to be outside the influence of conscious control.
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